City Guide · Black Sea

Trabzon Travel Guide

Sümela Monastery, Uzungöl, and the Black Sea Coast.

Show Me Türkiye May 2026 8 min read
Field notes

Trabzon: tips for first-timers.

  1. 01 Stay in central Trabzon, not Uzungöl. Uzungöl is a day trip, not a base. The city has more food and walking-distance streets in the evening.
  2. 02 Private driver for Sümela. Public buses run but the schedule is tight and the road climbs. A driver for the day gets a flexible itinerary.
  3. 03 Eat two blocks back from Meydan. The square is for atmosphere, not food. The good köfte and pide are inland a short walk.
  4. 04 Sümela opens at 8:30. Arrive at 8:30. By 11 the cliff path is a queue and the monastery doesn’t handle that gracefully.
  5. 05 Sümela shuttle. You cannot drive your rental car to the monastery entrance. Park at the valley floor and use the mandatory shuttle minibuses.
  6. 06 Weather prep. Pack a light rain jacket. The Black Sea coast can have four seasons in a single day, regardless of the forecast.

Trabzon is the eastern Black Sea's capital city, its airport, and its first impression. Most travellers to the region land here. Many of them never leave, which sounds dramatic until you realise that one province contains the most famous monastery in the country, an underground river cave, a couple of mountain lakes, an old Greek-Ottoman quarter, and a full menu of outdoor activities.

This guide starts with the practical groundwork: getting in from the airport and getting around a province where the best sights are spread out. After that come the city and its day-trips: Sümela, Uzungöl, the caves, the lakes, the monasteries the day-tour brochures don't include. A later chapter covers the outdoor activity scene, paragliding, trekking, climbing, camping, which has grown into a serious adventure economy over the last decade.

Allow three days. Four if you want to do an activity. The roads are good and the distances are short. And if you want to see these places in motion before you go, there are a few of our own films from the region further down the page.

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01Arrival

Getting there.

Into the city from the airport.

2 min read

Trabzon Airport (TZX) sits right on the Black Sea shore in the Ortahisar district, only six or seven kilometres from the centre, so the ride into town is short, usually ten to twenty minutes by taxi depending on traffic. Turkish Airlines, Pegasus, and other carriers fly in directly from Istanbul and Ankara, and there are seasonal international services on top of that.

From the airport you have plenty of options. The Havaş shuttle buses run along the Tanjant road through Meydan to the Beşirli district, with central stops around Kilpa and Migros, and the same service also links the airport directly to towns in Giresun, Rize, and Artvin along the coast. Cheaper still are the municipal buses and the dolmuş minibuses, which pass the shore road right next to the terminal and head into the centre. Taxis wait outside the arrivals hall around the clock and are quick given the short distance, and a pre-booked transfer is the easy door-to-door option if you are heading straight out to Uzungöl or a hotel outside the centre. There are also intercity buses from Istanbul and Ankara, but the drive is long; for most people, flying in and renting a car or joining tours on the ground makes more sense.

Trabzon is the gateway to the whole eastern Black Sea. Fly in here, then push on to Sümela, Uzungöl, and, if you have the time, the Kaçkar highlands beyond.

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02City and day-trips

Getting around.

A walkable centre and a car for the rest.

2 min read

The city centre, around the main square locals call Meydan, is compact and easy to cover on foot. The day-trips are the part that need planning, because the best of Trabzon is spread out across the province. Sümela is about an hour away by road through Maçka; in summer there are direct dolmuş minibuses from the eastbound dolmuş stand, though they run only a couple of times a day, so a tour or a car gives you more freedom over timing.

Uzungöl is further, roughly a hundred kilometres south in the Çaykara district and around an hour and a half to two hours away, with no single direct service; people usually reach it by car, on an organised day tour, or by taking a coastal bus to Araklı or Sürmene and a taxi up from there.

For all of this, a rental car is the most flexible choice and the agencies operate at the airport. If you would rather not drive, the organised day tours cover Sümela and Uzungöl and collect you from your hotel. The roads are good and the distances manageable, so once the transport is sorted you can see a great deal in a day.

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03Lake · 15 min from centre

Sera Lake (Sera Gölü).

A landslide lake on the western edge of Trabzon.

1 min read

Sera Lake formed in 1950 when a landslide blocked a stream valley west of Trabzon. The result is a long, narrow body of water lined with forest, fifteen minutes from the city centre and almost always empty mid-week.

There is a wooden walkway around part of the lake, a few restaurants serving river trout, and the kind of light reflection on still mornings that you remember. A short stop, ideal as a soft start to the day.

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04District · Climbing & Cave

Düzköy and Çal Cave.

An underground river cave, in a quiet hill district.

1 min read

Düzköy is a small district inland from Trabzon, best known for two things: Çal Cave, widely cited as the world's second-longest cave, and Şahinkaya, an established sport climbing area on the cliffs above.

Çal Cave runs about eight kilometres in total, of which a kilometre or so is open to walking visitors on a wooden walkway through hewn passages with stalactites, an underground stream, and one large chamber with a small waterfall. Bring a light jacket, it's cold inside.

If you climb, Şahinkaya has sport routes graded from beginner to mid-5.12. If you don't climb, the view from the upper road is enough by itself.

The cave is open year-round but most enjoyable in summer when entering the cool air feels like walking into a fridge. Wear shoes that grip, the walkway is wet in places.

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05Monastery · 4th-century

Sümela Monastery.

A Byzantine monastery built into a cliff face.

1 min read

Sümela is the reason most people visit Trabzon. The monastery is built into the cliff face above the Altındere valley, founded in 386 AD, abandoned during the 1923 population exchange, and given a major restoration between 2015 and 2020 before reopening to visitors.

The approach is the experience. Private cars stop at the valley car park, and from there a short minibus ride and a walk up a forested path bring you to the gate; the monastery appears suddenly through the trees, clinging to a sheer rock face high above you. The frescoes inside are partly preserved, the stone walls are original, and the view from the upper terrace back across the valley is one of the most-photographed images of eastern Türkiye for good reason.

Go early or late in the day. By eleven, tour buses fill the parking and the path. The walk up takes about thirty minutes and is moderate but not strenuous. Note: The path from the shuttle drop-off point involves a short, steep walk up to the main gate, so wear comfortable walking shoes. The monastery sits inside the Altındere Valley National Park, and a Müzekart covers entry, but buy it beforehand since it is not sold at the gate.

Sümela was abandoned for ninety years and the cliff held it. The cliff is also why it stayed where it is for sixteen hundred years before that.

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06Lesser-known monasteries

Kuştul and Vazelon Monasteries.

The two Sümela doesn't tell you about.

1 min read

Sümela is famous. The other two Trabzon monasteries on this list are not. Kuştul sits in a forested valley with frescoes that survived the abandonment better than Sümela's did. Vazelon, even more remote, is reached on a rough road through the hill country south of Maçka.

Both are partly ruined. Both are reachable. Both are essentially empty most days. If Sümela was crowded, drive to one of these. The historic context is similar, the photographs are different, and the silence is what the abandoned-monastery atmosphere is supposed to feel like.

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07Viewpoint

Boztepe (Trabzon).

The hill above the city.

1 min read

Boztepe is Trabzon's resident hill. A short drive (or a steady walk) takes you up to a series of tea gardens and viewing terraces that look back across the city, the harbour, and the long arc of the Black Sea.

Trabzon from Boztepe at sunset is the picture you take home. Locals come for the tea. The terraces are simple, the view is not.

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08Old quarter

Ortamahalle.

The Greek-Ottoman old town.

1 min read

Ortamahalle is Trabzon's surviving old quarter, the layered Greek-Ottoman streets that the urban renewal of the twentieth century mostly missed. The houses are stone-fronted, the doorways are wooden, the streets are narrow.

Walk slowly. Find a cafe. Eat in one of the small lokantas where the menu is what was cooked that morning. Trabzon's identity is here more than in the modern centre, and the price-to-meaning ratio for an afternoon is excellent.

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09Lake · 100 km inland

Uzungöl.

The lake on every poster, go anyway.

1 min read

Uzungöl is a small lake in a steep mountain valley about a hundred kilometres inland from Trabzon. It is one of the most-photographed places on the eastern Black Sea, and yes, the photos are accurate, the lake reflects the surrounding spruce-and-tea slopes cleanly, the village fans out around the south shore, and a small mosque sits at the water's edge.

It is touristy. It is also genuinely beautiful. Go midweek and early in the day to beat the buses. Stay overnight in one of the wooden chalets if you can, because the village at six in the morning before the day-trippers arrive is the version that earned the photographs. Note: Uzungöl is highly popular and can get crowded. For a peaceful experience, go on a weekday or stay overnight to enjoy the lake at dawn when the silence returns.

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10Waterfall

Asmasu Waterfall.

A roadside fall east of the city.

1 min read

Asmasu Şelalesi is one of those short-stop waterfalls the eastern Black Sea has in abundance. Visible from the road, short walk to the base, fresh air, photogenic spray. Twenty to thirty minutes maximum.

Pair it with the Uzungöl day or with the drive back from one of the inland monasteries.

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1110 things to do

What to do beyond sightseeing.

A short menu of active days.

1 min read

Trabzon has the most developed outdoor activity infrastructure on the Black Sea coast. A short menu of what is actually on offer, all reachable on a day-trip from the city:

Canoeing and sailing in Beşikdüzü on the western coast. Horse riding in Arsin's foothills. Sport climbing at Şahinkaya in Düzköy. Safari trips through the upper valleys in 4x4s. Motocross tracks in Arsin. Stargazing at Aygır Lake on cloudless nights, the elevation and lack of light pollution combine well. Biking and tandem paragliding in Uzungöl. Trekking in the Hıdırnebi Plateau forests. Camping at Livera Camping in the inland forests. Sightseeing, which we now consider an activity given how much Trabzon has on offer.

Pick two or three depending on your week. Most operators will pick you up from the city.

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12Closing

Why Trabzon is the right first stop on this coast.

And how to combine it with everything else.

1 min read

Trabzon has the busiest airport on the eastern Black Sea, with direct international flights, a deep enough hotel infrastructure to base out of, and a full week of nearby content within a two-hour drive. That makes it the obvious first stop for the eastern Black Sea.

From Trabzon you can reach Rize in a little over an hour, Artvin in about three hours, and Giresun and Ordu in two to three hours to the west. A two-week eastern Black Sea trip with Trabzon as one of two bases, and either Rize or Artvin as the second, gives you the country we keep coming back to.

Uzungöl — the mountain lake that fills every poster of the eastern Black Sea.
Watch the films

See Trabzon in motion.

4 films from across our journeys in Trabzon.

Show Me Türkiye
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Show Me Türkiye Editorial
Field notes, routes, and city guides from across Türkiye.
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